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The Resilient Campus – Part 2: Teaching and Learning Spaces
Ben Somner
15th September 2025

As we enter the Fifth Industrial Revolution, our global economy is being reshaped by artificial intelligence, automation and digitalisation.

In this rapidly shifting landscape, the most resilient learners will not be those who simply accumulate knowledge, but those who can collaborate, adapt and innovate across disciplines and contexts.

In this reality, the role of the physical campus becomes even more vital. It provides not just a setting for instruction but a framework for experience, identity and interaction. Nowhere is this more evident than in the spaces where teaching and learning unfold.

To meet the evolving needs of students and educators, learning environments must move beyond traditional definitions. They must support flexibility, diversity of thought, interdisciplinary exploration and, perhaps most crucially, human connection.

Beyond the “classroom”: the rise of the third place

The traditional classroom, often static, cellular and single-purpose, is increasingly unsuited to the complexity and fluidity of contemporary education. Learners today engage across platforms, collaborate across disciplines and move seamlessly between physical and digital environments. In this context, what they need most is not simply a better classroom, but a richer ecosystem of engagement.

This is where the concept of the ‘third place’ becomes central.

Coined by sociologist Ray Oldenburg, the term describes informal environments that sit between the structured ‘first place’ of home and the institutional ‘second place’ of work or school. These are spaces of neutrality, openness and community – where conversation flows, unexpected encounters occur, and identity is shaped through participation.

Within the campus, third places are reimagined as hybrid, in-between spaces — unstructured yet intentional zones that support a broad spectrum of student activity. These are not simply cafés or lounges, but multipurpose environments that blur the boundaries between social, academic and personal life.

They are places where learning becomes ambient, exploratory and self-directed. Crucially, they allow students to define how and why they engage — whether for discussion, reflection, collaboration, contemplation, production or pause. In doing so, they humanise the campus experience, embedding wellbeing alongside intellectual development.

Designing the conditions for informal learning

The third place is not a separate category of design, but a foundational mindset. It challenges the notion that learning happens only in designated rooms, at scheduled times and under formal structures. Instead, it encourages us to think spatially about curiosity, connection and autonomy.

At the University of Nottingham Ningbo China (UNNC), the new library embodies this mindset through the principle of spatial gradation. The ground floor is conceived as a ‘social garden’, a richly planted indoor landscape that fosters informal learning, peer-to-peer dialogue and chance encounters. Flexible furniture, integrated technology and abundant natural light combine to create an environment equally suited to collaboration and quiet retreat.

Above, the library transitions through zones of diminishing ambient noise, supporting a spectrum of cognitive and social states. From lively group discussion to deep solo study, it offers spatial choice and psychological comfort. It is a third place in the truest sense: defined not by function, but by experience.

Similarly, at Nexus International School in Singapore, the open-plan learning floors enable fluid movement and self-directed use. While pedagogically structured with two year groups per level, the absence of cellular classrooms allows for continuous adaptation. Students and teachers can reconfigure their environment using acoustic zoning, flexible furniture and differentiated lighting. The result is a setting that mirrors the dynamic nature of learning itself.

Nexus also integrates dedicated third-place typologies: open library zones, parent lounges and the EduVation Hub – each designed to support intergenerational interaction, peer mentoring and quiet exploration. These spaces are not scheduled; they are discovered, revisited and claimed. In doing so, they foster agency and emotional connection.

Adapting to evolving learner needs

The future of education is uncertain – shaped by forces we cannot fully predict. In this context, learning spaces must be resilient not only physically but conceptually. They must adapt to shifting pedagogies, emerging technologies and increasingly diverse student demographics.

At UNNC, the central library and adjacent STEAM facilities are designed with long-term adaptability at their core. Modular principles guide both the architecture and interior fit-out. Floorplates are open and service grids flexible, allowing spaces to shift in use throughout the day, across semesters or over years as curriculum priorities evolve.

The focus here is not on gimmickry or short-term novelty, but on enduring flexibility: environments that flex without losing their character, reconfigure without losing their clarity, and accommodate new uses without displacing the human experience at their heart.

Integrating technology as a layer

Technology is now an embedded condition of learning – but its integration into space must be thoughtful rather than superficial. The most effective environments treat digital infrastructure as a seamless layer within the spatial experience: enhancing interaction, not distracting from it.

At UNNC, the library integrates ubiquitous digital access to enable hybrid learning and multimedia engagement, yet resists the temptation to over-digitise. Physical presence still matters. Touch, texture, acoustics and spatial sequence are as important as bandwidth and screen resolution. In a third-place context, this means supporting a wide spectrum of interactions: from a group Zoom call to a hands-on prototyping session, from VR collaboration to analogue sketching.

At Nexus, digital literacy is woven into the very fabric of the environment, but not at the expense of tactile experience. Makerspaces sit alongside reading zones; coding hubs stand next to outdoor terraces. These juxtapositions reflect a key principle: that technology should amplify, not replace, the richness of physical learning.

From passive space to active participant

Resilient learning spaces do not simply accommodate activity; they inspire it. They spark curiosity through design, embed learning in structure and encourage participation through spatial cues.

Exposed materials, legible structural elements and visible services can all act as learning tools, particularly in STEAM and design education. More broadly, however, the spatial narrative of a campus should invite students to explore, inhabit and interpret.

Third places are critical in this regard. Precisely because they are not overly prescribed, they invite participation. They allow students to choose how they engage, supporting not only academic outcomes but also personal growth.

This shift – from passive user to active co-creator – is fundamental to education that looks to the future.

Towards a human-centred pedagogy

What ties all of this together is a renewed understanding of the campus not as a collection of buildings, but as an ecosystem of human-centred learning.

In this model, third places are not peripheral but central. They provide the conditions in which creativity can flourish, relationships can form and ideas can percolate. They give students the freedom to explore their pathways – intellectually, socially and emotionally.

As education becomes increasingly digitally mediated and globally dispersed, the physical campus becomes more, not less, important. It provides a sense of place, of presence and of possibility.

Designing teaching and learning spaces for this new era means designing for resilience – not only in the face of change, but in support of growth.

By creating spaces that prioritise adaptability, connection and belonging, we cultivate campuses that are not only ready for the future but equipped to lead it.

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